| Oracle Database | PostgreSQL |
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| Category | database engine | database engine |
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| Developer | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group |
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| Created by | Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, Ed Oates | Michael Stonebraker |
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| First release | 1979 | 1996 |
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| License | Proprietary | PostgreSQL License |
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| Open source | No | Yes |
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| Pricing | Free with paid plans | Free |
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| Website | https://www.oracle.com/database | https://www.postgresql.org |
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| Written in | C | C |
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| Data model | Relational, Document, Graph, Vector | Relational, Document |
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| Storage layout | Hybrid row and column | Row-oriented |
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| Workload | Both (HTAP) | Transactions (OLTP) |
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| Analytics architecture | Not an analytics platform | Not an analytics platform |
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| Query language | SQL, PL/SQL | SQL |
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| ACID transactions | Yes | Yes |
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| Schema | Strict | Strict |
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| Deployment | Server, Distributed cluster, Managed cloud | Server, Managed cloud |
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| Scaling | Replication | Replication |
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| Create, read, update, delete | Create: fast (Fast inserts, direct-path loads); Read: fast (Mature optimizer, in-memory column store); Update: fast (In-place updates with undo); Delete: fast (Fast deletes) | Create: fast (Fast single and bulk inserts, COPY for loads); Read: fast (Rich indexes and a mature planner); Update: moderate (MVCC writes a new row version, vacuum cleans up); Delete: moderate (Rows are marked dead until vacuum reclaims them) |
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