| Java | Python |
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| Category | programming language | programming language |
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| Developer | Oracle and the OpenJDK community | Python Software Foundation |
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| Created by | James Gosling | Guido van Rossum |
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| First release | 1995 | 1991 |
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| License | GPL-2.0 with Classpath Exception | PSF License |
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| Open source | Yes | Yes |
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| Pricing | Free | Free |
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| Website | https://openjdk.org | https://www.python.org |
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| Paradigms | Object-oriented, Functional, Concurrent | Object-oriented, Functional, Procedural |
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| Typing | Static | Dynamic |
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| Type strength | Strong | Strong |
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| Type inference | Yes | No |
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| Memory management | Garbage collected | Reference counted |
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| Runs as | Bytecode on a virtual machine | Bytecode on a virtual machine |
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| Main implementation | OpenJDK HotSpot | CPython |
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| Concurrency | Threads, virtual threads | Threads (free-threaded builds), asyncio, processes |
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| Null safety | No | No |
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| Package manager | Maven, Gradle | pip, uv |
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| Used for | Back end, Mobile, Data and AI, Desktop | Data and AI, Back end, Scripting, Scientific computing |
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| Specification | Java Language Specification | None, CPython is the reference |
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